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PNC-27is een synthetisch anti-kankerpeptide dat HDM-2 bindt en dus de interactie met het p53-tumorsuppressor-eiwit voorkomt. Onderzoek toont aan dat het selectief kankercellen doodt door membranolyse te induceren (vernietiging van het celmembraan).
Productgebruik:Dit product is alleen bedoeld als een onderzoeks chemisch.Deze aanduiding maakt het gebruik van onderzoekschemicals strikt mogelijk voor alleen in vitro testen en laboratoriumexperimentatie. Alle productinformatie die op deze website beschikbaar is, is alleen voor educatieve doeleinden. Lichamelijke introductie van welke aard dan ook in mensen of dieren is ten strengste wettelijk verboden. Dit product mag alleen worden afgehandeld door erkende, gekwalificeerde professionals. Dit product is geen medicijn, voedsel of cosmetisch en is mogelijk niet verkeerd, misbruikt of misbruikt als medicijn, voedsel of cosmetisch.
Wat is PNC-27?
PNC-27 is a synthetically created peptide designed to specifically target and destroy cancer cells. It is a member of the PNC set of investigational proteins designed to attach to malformed (cancerous) cells and cause them to die through cell necrosis, all while leaving normal, healthy cells intact and unharmed.
The PNC-27 peptide contains an HDM-2 binding domain corresponding to residues 12-26 of p53 and a transmembrane-penetrating domain. This has been found to enable the peptide to bind to and kill cancer cells through membranolysis, or disruption of the cell membrane.
Through research and study on animal subjects, the PNC-27 peptide has been shown to be highly effective in selectively targeting a wide variety of specific forms of cancer, including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, and additional cancer lines.
PNC proteins were first theorized and created in 2000 by Drs. Matthew Pincus and Joseph Michl at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center in New York. Although they were originally intended to combat HIV, PNC-27 showed a remarkable ability to bind to cancer cells, causing them to die, while leaving healthy cells undamaged.
The PNC-27 cancer peptide is a nontoxic compound that causes the death of cancer cells only, leaving all other healthy cells unaffected. It is able to do this by attaching to the membranes of the individual cancer cells, creating holes in those membranes. As a result of the holes, rapid implosion occurs, leading to swift cell death due to the osmotic pressure difference in the inside vs. outside of the tumor cells.
PNC-27 accomplishes this due to its affinity for binding to a protein called HDM-2. Cancer cells have HDM-2 in their cell membranes. When the PNC-27 peptide is administered, it immediately travels to the HDM-2 located in the membranes of cancerous cells. By binding to them, it creates pores or holes in the cell membrane, causing “membranolysis,” or death of the cell membrane. This in turn leads to the destruction of the cancer cell.
Klinische studies van het PNC-27-peptide
In a paper published by the American Association for Cancer Research in 2010, Drs. Ehsan Sarafraz-Yazdi et al. revealed in depth how the PNC-27 cancer peptide exerted its effects and what its novel mechanism of action meant for the field of cancer research.[5] The paper’s authors reported that the peptide’s mechanism of action is due to the formation of oligomeric pores in the plasma membrane of tumor cells. Concurrently, oligomeric pores are not formed in untransformed, or non-tumor, cells. Further, they noted that it has been shown that MDM2 as a targeting molecule leads to PNC-27 selectivity towards cancer cells by its mis-localization to cancer cell plasma membranes.[5]
Researchers concluded that these findings are descriptive of the unique localization of MDM2 variants in the plasma membranes of cancerous cells.[5] Further, they stated that this knowledge may hint at great promise for the PNC-27 peptide as a future anti-cancer drug pending clinical trials.[5]
The PNC-27 research peptide has even been the subject of a fascinating Ted Talk. It can be seen conducted by Dr. Sarafraz-Yazdi, an Assistant Professor in the Division of Gynecologic Oncology at The State University of New York (SUNY).
PNC-27 peptide-beoordelingen
When the PNC-27 peptide is administered in animal studies, certain aspects have been noted in successful outcomes. Researchers have noted pain levels subjectively drop in a mean time of about a week. By the 3 week mark, animal subjects often present with flu-like symptoms, a likely indicator that subjects’ immune systems are responding to the death of cancer cells.
At 6 weeks, lactate dehydrogenase and bilirubin levels typically increase. Substantial tumor breakdown in successful research outcomes is often observed at around the 10 week mark. At this time, the tumors are noted to become softer and more pliable.
Some increase in the size of the tumor itself may be noted at this time. However, this is often due to inflammation because of immune system response. By the end of 3 months, researchers often notice animal study subjects to exhibit increased energy levels and reduced cancer-related symptoms.
PNC-27 bijwerkingen in studies
Bijwerkingen van PNC-27 zijn waargenomen in dierstudies. Deze omvatten huid- en neusontsteking, waterige ogen, droge huid, hoge bloeddruk, hoofdpijn, rugpijn, neusbloed, rectale bloedingen, smaakverandering en te veel eiwit in de urine.
PNC-27 klinische proeven
In a 2009 study, researchers found that the previously established 3 dimensional structure of PNC-27’s p53 residues was directly superimposable on the structure for the same residues bound to HDM-2.[1] This led the researchers to infer that PNC-27 could target HDM-2 in cancer cells’ membranes.
Notably, cancer cells have significant levels of HDM-2 in their membranes, while untransformed or noncancerous cells do not have significant levels of HDM-2. This allows the PNC-27 peptide to selectively target the cancerous cells, leaving undamaged the healthy surrounding tissue.[1]
Upon further experimentation, it was discovered that by implanting untransformed cells not susceptible to PNC-27 with HDM-2 containing a membrane localization signal, these cells then became susceptible to PNC-27. As a result, this constituted further evidence that the PNC-27 peptide was able to selectively target HDM-2 in the membranes of cancer cells and destroy them via membranolysis, all while leaving healthy cells unharmed.[1]
Further, in a 2010 study published in Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, researchers determined that PNC-27 exerts its cancer cell destroying effects as a whole peptide, not fragments.[2] With the knowledge that the peptide forms transmembrane pores in the cancer cell membrane, researchers set out to determine whether these pores were created by parts of the peptide (fragments) or by the entire peptide itself.
During the experiment, it was shown that it was indeed the entire peptide that exerts its effects in the cell membrane of cancer cells.[2] Further, it was observed that other nontransformed, or noncancerous, cells around the cancer cells “remained viable.”[2] From the results of the experiment, researchers gleaned that the PNC-27 cancer peptide targeted specific markers in the membranes of cancer cells. Also, via this mechanism of action, PNC-27’s lifetime is increased.[2]
PNC-27 peptide vernietigt kankercellen
In a 2006 study published in the International Journal of Cancer, researchers found that PNC-28, a forerunner to the PNC-27 peptide very similar in its structure and effects, was able to selectively inhibit pancreatic cancer cell growth in vivo.[4] Study observers noted that the peptide induced necrosis, but not apoptosis, in a variety of tumor cell lines, including ras-transformed rat acinar pancreatic carcinoma cell line known as BMRPA1.[4] In addition, the peptide had no effect on untransformed (normal) cells. As a result, researchers looked to determine if the cancer killing peptide could block the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vivo.
Amazingly, researchers observed that when the cancer killing peptide was administered, it caused a complete blockade of any tumor growth during its 2-week period of administration and 2 weeks post-treatment. This was followed by weak tumor growth that plateaued at low tumor sizes compared with tumor growth in the presence of a control peptide.[4]
Further, when the cancer killing peptide PNC-27 was administered after tumor growth had occurred at a remote site from the tumor, a decrease in tumor size followed by a slow increase in tumor growth that was “significantly slower than growth in the presence of control peptide” was observed to occur.[4] Consequently, the study researchers concluded that the cancer killing peptide may be effective in treating cancer, especially if it was administered directly to the tumor itself.[4]
PNC-27 Anti-kankerpeptidestudies
In a more recent study conducted in 2014 and published in Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science, researchers concluded that “the anti-cancer peptide, PNC-27, induces tumor cell necrosis of a poorly differentiated non-solid tissue mammalian leukemia cell line that depends on expression of HDM-2 in the plasma membrane of these cells.”[3]
Essentially, researchers built on knowledge gained from earlier experimentation that the PNC-27 peptide was able to destroy solid tissue tumor cells by binding to HDM-2 proteins in their cell membranes, an effect independent of p53 activity in those cells. The scientists sought to determine whether PNC-27 peptide would be similarly effective against non-solid tissue tumor cells.
This experiment would determine whether such non-solid tissue tumor cells actually expressed HDM-2 in their membranes in the first place (as the solid tissue cells were found to), and find whether PNC-27 could induce cell death in these cells through the same HDM-2 binding mechanism.
Incredibly, it was observed that these non-solid tumor cells do express HDM-2 in cell membranes.[3] Also, perhaps even more importantly, it was found that the PNC-27 peptide could induce cell necrosis through membranolysis via the same HDM-2 binding mechanism as in solid tissue tumor cells, independent of the p53 pathway.[3]
PNC-27 exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. PNC-27 for sale at
Peptidegoeroesis alleen beperkt tot educatief en wetenschappelijk onderzoek, niet voor menselijke consumptie. Koop alleen PNC-27 als u een erkende onderzoeker bent.
Artikelauteur
De bovenstaande literatuur werd onderzocht, bewerkt en georganiseerd door Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan behaalde een doctoraat vanCase Western Reserve University School of Medicineen een B.S. in moleculaire biologie ..
Wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Auteur
Wilbur B. Bowne, M.D., FACS, is an Associate Professor of Surgical Oncology and Cellular/Molecular Biology at Drexel University College of Medicine (DUCOM). He is a recipient of The American Association of Cancer Research (AACR) Young Investigator and The American College of Surgeons Faculty Fellowship Research Awards for his research in pancreatic cancer. Dr. Bowne’s laboratory research is focused on developing novel anticancer targeted therapies against oncoprotein and cell cycle regulation in pancreatic cancer. He is extensively published with over 130 peer-reviewed articles, abstracts, and book chapters. He has received numerous awards for outstanding service, teaching excellence and outstanding skills and commitment in the clinical care of patients. Dr. Bowne and colleagues developed a scoring system to improve patient safety for pancreatic surgery developed from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP). Dr. Bowne takes great pride in being a member of DUCOM multidisciplinary cancer team that treats the most complex patient situations whatever the circumstances or nature of the condition.
Dr. Wilbur B. Bowne, M.D. is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of FOXO4-DRI. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between
Peptidegoeroesen deze dokter. Het doel van het citeren van de arts is om de uitputtende onderzoeks- en ontwikkelingsinspanningen van de wetenschappers die dit peptide bestuderen te erkennen, te erkennen en te crediteren. Dr. Peter de Keizer staat vermeld in [2] onder de citaten waarnaar wordt verwezen.
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Citaten waarnaar wordt verwezen:
http://www.pnas.org/content/107/5/1918.full
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010 Jul;66(2):325-31. doi: 10.1007/s00280-009-1166-7. Epub 2010 Feb 25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20182728
Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2014 Summer;44(3):241-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25117093
Int. J. Cancer: 119, 1577–1585 (2006)
AACR Publications. 10.1158/1538-7445.AM10-5770 Published April 2010Alle artikelen en productinformatie op deze website zijn alleen voor informatieve en educatieve doeleinden.De producten die op deze website worden aangeboden, zijn alleen ingericht voor in-vitro-studies. In-vitro-onderzoeken (Latijn: in glas) worden buiten het lichaam uitgevoerd. Deze producten zijn geen medicijnen of medicijnen en zijn niet goedgekeurd door de FDA om een medische aandoening, kwaal of ziekte te voorkomen, te behandelen of te genezen. Lichamelijke introductie van welke aard dan ook in mensen of dieren is ten strengste wettelijk verboden.
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