Super MIC B Vitamin – Premium Injection-Grade Nutrient Blend
Our Super MIC B Vitamin formula is a lab-verified, high-potency blend designed for clinical use and advanced supplementation protocols. This meticulously balanced formula includes essential B vitamins, amino acids, and metabolic cofactors to support energy metabolism, liver health, and neurological function.
Each bottle is tested by AZLAB using advanced LCMS and HPLC methods, ensuring purity, accuracy, and compliance with industry standards. It is ideal for use in weight management clinics, anti-aging practices, and wellness centers seeking pharmaceutical-grade ingredients with traceable lab certification.
Clinically Tested Ingredients per Serving:
Choline – 530.86 mg
Inositol – 503.99 mg
Methionine – 261.09 mg
L-Carnitine – 257.39 mg
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) – 261.38 mg
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) – 257.19 mg
L-Arginine – 260.91 mcg
Methylcobalamin (Active B12) – 11.12 mg
Trusted by healthcare professionals, this formula supports enhanced fat metabolism, liver detoxification, and cognitive function.
2. Introduction
High-Potency MIC+B Complex Verified by AZLAB
PeptideGurus presents Super MIC B Vitamin, a comprehensive blend of metabolic cofactors designed for professional use. Backed by LCMS and HPLC testing, every batch ensures precise dosing and quality, suitable for injection-based wellness therapies.
3. Description for SEO Purposes
Super MIC B Vitamin is a pharmaceutical-grade injectable formula combining Methionine, Inositol, Choline, and essential B vitamins. Lab-tested by AZLAB using LCMS and HPLC, it supports energy metabolism, liver detox, and nervous system health. Ideal for clinics, wellness providers, and B2B buyers looking for traceable, tested, and high-purity vitamin blends.
Retatrutide (10 mg) is a next-generation multi-receptor metabolic research peptide that represents the forefront of peptide innovation for obesity and glucose-metabolism research. Engineered as a triple agonist, Retatrutide simultaneously activates GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors — three of the most important signaling pathways governing energy homeostasis, fat oxidation, and insulin regulation.
By combining the mechanisms of these three receptor families, Retatrutide enables researchers to study a holistic metabolic response that extends beyond single-target peptides. Early studies suggest this peptide’s triple-agonist design results in superior lipid mobilization, enhanced thermogenesis, reduced appetite signals, and improved glycemic control.
Each vial contains 10 mg of high-purity lyophilized Retatrutide, synthesized under controlled conditions and verified by third-party Janoshik laboratory analysis to ensure molecular accuracy and purity above 98%. This product is provided for research use only and is not approved for human or veterinary applications.
Scientific Background
Retatrutide’s development marks a paradigm shift in the peptide-research landscape. While earlier incretin-mimetic peptides such as GLP-1 agonists (e.g., semaglutide) demonstrated notable improvements in appetite control and glycemic management, their effects plateaued due to receptor-specific limitations.
Retatrutide was designed to overcome this bottleneck by engaging:
GLP-1 receptors, promoting satiety and delayed gastric emptying.
GIP receptors, enhancing insulin sensitivity and anabolic metabolism.
Glucagon receptors, stimulating energy expenditure and fat oxidation.
This triple receptor synergy creates a more balanced anabolic-catabolic interplay, providing a comprehensive research model for studying systemic metabolic health, obesity reduction, mitochondrial efficiency, and hormonal cross-talk.
Researchers have reported Retatrutide’s potential relevance to:
Stable lyophilized format – optimized for long-term laboratory storage.
Ideal for metabolic, anti-obesity, and endocrinological studies.
Packaging & Quality Control
Each vial of Retatrutide 10 mg is sealed under aseptic conditions using high-grade glass vials to preserve peptide stability. Every production batch is accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis (COA) detailing HPLC and MS results confirming sequence integrity and purity.
All products are maintained in temperature-controlled storage facilities within our U.S.-based warehouse, allowing fast and compliant domestic shipping to qualified research institutions, laboratories, and distributors.
Storage & Handling
Store unopened vials at −20 °C in a dark, dry environment.
Once reconstituted, keep between 2–8 °C and use within a short research window.
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
For laboratory research only; not for human or veterinary administration.
SEO Meta Description
Retatrutide 10 mg is a high-purity triple-agonist research peptide targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors for metabolic, obesity, and glucose-control studies. Janoshik verified; ships from U.S. warehouse.
SEO Keywords (Comma-Separated)
Retatrutide 10 mg, Retatrutide peptide, Retatrutide research peptide, GLP-1 GIP glucagon agonist, triple-agonist peptide, metabolic research peptide, weight-management peptide, obesity-research compound, peptide for glucose control, fat-oxidation peptide, energy-balance peptide, Janoshik-tested peptide, peptide for scientific research, Retatrutide USA stock
Overview
Retatrutide (20 mg) is a next-generation multi-receptor metabolic research peptide that represents the forefront of peptide innovation for obesity and glucose-metabolism research. Engineered as a triple agonist, Retatrutide simultaneously activates GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors — three of the most important signaling pathways governing energy homeostasis, fat oxidation, and insulin regulation.
By combining the mechanisms of these three receptor families, Retatrutide enables researchers to study a holistic metabolic response that extends beyond single-target peptides. Early studies suggest this peptide’s triple-agonist design results in superior lipid mobilization, enhanced thermogenesis, reduced appetite signals, and improved glycemic control.
Each vial contains 10 mg of high-purity lyophilized Retatrutide, synthesized under controlled conditions and verified by third-party Janoshik laboratory analysis to ensure molecular accuracy and purity above 98%. This product is provided for research use only and is not approved for human or veterinary applications.
Scientific Background
Retatrutide’s development marks a paradigm shift in the peptide-research landscape. While earlier incretin-mimetic peptides such as GLP-1 agonists (e.g., semaglutide) demonstrated notable improvements in appetite control and glycemic management, their effects plateaued due to receptor-specific limitations.
Retatrutide was designed to overcome this bottleneck by engaging:
GLP-1 receptors, promoting satiety and delayed gastric emptying.
GIP receptors, enhancing insulin sensitivity and anabolic metabolism.
Glucagon receptors, stimulating energy expenditure and fat oxidation.
This triple receptor synergy creates a more balanced anabolic-catabolic interplay, providing a comprehensive research model for studying systemic metabolic health, obesity reduction, mitochondrial efficiency, and hormonal cross-talk.
Researchers have reported Retatrutide’s potential relevance to:
Stable lyophilized format – optimized for long-term laboratory storage.
Ideal for metabolic, anti-obesity, and endocrinological studies.
Packaging & Quality Control
Each vial of Retatrutide 10 mg is sealed under aseptic conditions using high-grade glass vials to preserve peptide stability. Every production batch is accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis (COA) detailing HPLC and MS results confirming sequence integrity and purity.
All products are maintained in temperature-controlled storage facilities within our U.S.-based warehouse, allowing fast and compliant domestic shipping to qualified research institutions, laboratories, and distributors.
Storage & Handling
Store unopened vials at −20 °C in a dark, dry environment.
Once reconstituted, keep between 2–8 °C and use within a short research window.
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
For laboratory research only; not for human or veterinary administration.
SEO Meta Description
Retatrutide 10 mg is a high-purity triple-agonist research peptide targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors for metabolic, obesity, and glucose-control studies. Janoshik verified; ships from U.S. warehouse.
SEO Keywords (Comma-Separated)
Retatrutide 10 mg, Retatrutide peptide, Retatrutide research peptide, GLP-1 GIP glucagon agonist, triple-agonist peptide, metabolic research peptide, weight-management peptide, obesity-research compound, peptide for glucose control, fat-oxidation peptide, energy-balance peptide, Janoshik-tested peptide, peptide for scientific research, Retatrutide USA stock
Free (1) 30 ml Bacteriostatic Water with qualified orders over $500 USD.
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The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and longevity, improves exercise capacity, reduces obesity, insulin resistance and other disease processes such as osteoporosis.
Product Usage: This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabled as a drug, food or cosmetic.
MOTS-c Overview
MOTS-c is a short peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome and a member of the larger group of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs). MDPs have recently been found to be bioactive hormones that play important roles in mitochondrial communication and energy regulation. Originally thought to be related to the mitochondria only, new research has revealed that many MDPs are active in the cell nucleus and that some even make their way into the blood stream to have systemic effects. MOTS-c is a newly identified MDP that has, to date, been found to play important roles in metabolism, weight regulation, exercise capacity, longevity, and even processes leading to disease states like osteoporosis. MOTS-c has been found in the nucleus of cells as well as in the general circulation, making it a bonafide natural hormone. The peptide has been targeted for intensive research in the last five years due to its therapeutic potential.
MOTS-c Structure
MOTS-C Structure, De BQUB17-JHolguera – Trabajo propio, CC BY-SA 4.0
Source: WikipediaSequence: Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg Molecular Formula: C101H152N28O22S2 Molecular Weight: 2174.64 g/mol PubChem SID: 255386757 CAS Number: 1627580-64-6 Synonyms: Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c, MT-RNR1
MOTS-c Research
Muscle Metabolism
Research in mice indicates the MOTS-c can reverse age-dependent insulin resistance in muscles, thereby improving muscle uptake of glucose. It does this by improving skeletal muscle response to AMPK activation, which in turn increases the expression of glucose transporters[1]. It is important to note that this activation is independent of the insulin pathway and thus offers an alternative means of boosting glucose uptake by muscles when insulin is ineffective or in insufficient quantity. The net result is improved muscle function, enhanced muscle growth, and decreased functional insulin resistance.
Fat Metabolism
Research in mice has shown that low levels of estrogen lead to increased fat mass and dysfunction of normal adipose tissue. This scenario increases the risk of developing insulin resistance and, subsequently, the risk of developing diabetes. Supplementing mice with MOTS-c, however, increases brown fat function and reduces the accumulation of adipose tissue. It also appears that the peptide prevents adipose dysfunction and the adipose inflammation that typically precedes insulin resistance[2].
It appears that at least part of the influence that MOTS-c has on fat metabolism is mediated through activation of the AMPK pathway. This well-defined pathway is turned on when cellular energy levels are low and it drives the uptake of both glucose and fatty acids by cells for metabolism. It is also the pathway that is activated in ketogenic diets, like the Atkin’s diet, which promote fat metabolism while protecting lean body mass. MOTS-c targets the methionine-folate cycle, increases AICAR levels, and activates AMPK.
New research suggests that MOTS-c can actually leave the mitochondria and make its way to the nucleus where the peptide can affect nuclear gene expression. Following metabolic stress, MOTS-c has been shown to regulate nuclear genes involved in glucose restriction and antioxidant responses[3].
MOTS-c has effects in both the mitochondria and the nucleus.
Source: Cell Metabolism
Evidence from mice indicates that MOTS-c, particularly in the setting of obesity, is an important regulator of sphingolipid, monoacylglycerol, and dicarboxylate metabolism. By down-regulating these pathways and increasing beta-oxidation, MOTS-c appears to prevent fat accumulation[4]. Some of these effects are almost certainly mediated via MOTS-c action in the nucleus. Research on MOTS-c has led to a new hypothesis about fat deposition and insulin resistance that is gaining traction in the scientific community and may offer a new means of intervening in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. It appears that dysregulation of fat metabolism in mitochondria may result in a lack of fat oxidation. This leads to higher levels of circulating fat and thus forces the body to boost insulin levels in an effort to clear lipids from the bloodstream. The consequence of this action is increased fat deposition and a homeostatic change in the body as it adapts to (and becomes resistant to) chronically higher levels of insulin[5].
MOTS-c supplementation in rats prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and prevents the accumulation of fat even in the setting of a high-fat diet.
Source: Cell Metabolism
Insulin Sensitivity
Research measuring MOTS-c levels in insulin sensitive and insulin resistant individuals has shown that the protein is associated with insulin sensitivity only in lean individuals. In other words, MOTS-c appears to be important in the pathogenesis of insulin insensitivity, but not in the maintenance of the condition[6]. Scientists speculate that the peptide maybe a useful means of monitoring pre-diabetic lean individuals and that changes in MOTS-c levels could act as an early warning sign of potential insulin insensitivity. Supplementation with MOTS-c in this setting could help to stave off insulin resistance and thus the development of diabetes. Research in mice thus far has been promising, but more work is needed to understand the full impact of MOTS-c on insulin regulation.
Osteoporosis
MOTS-c appears to play a role in the synthesis of type I collagen by osteoblasts in bone. Research in osteoblast cell lines shows that MOTS-c regulates the TGF-beta/SMAD pathway responsible for the health and survival of osteoblasts. By promoting osteoblast survival, MOTS-c helps to improve type I collagen synthesis and therefore the strength and integrity of bone[7].
Additional research in osteoporosis has revealed that MOTS-c promotes the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells via the same TGF-beta/SMAD pathway. In the study, this directly led to increased osteogenesis (formation of new bone)[8]. Thus, not only does MOTS-c protect osteoblasts and promote their survival, it promotes their development from stem cells as well.
Longevity
Research on MOTS-c has identified a specific change in the peptide that is associated with longevity in certain human populations, such as the Japanese. The change in the MOTS-c gene, in this case, leads to the substitution of a glutamate residue for the lysine that is normally found in position 14 of the protein. It is not clear how this change affects the functional aspects of the protein, but that it does is almost certain as glutamate has radically different properties than lysine and thus would change both the structure and the function of the MOTS-c gene. More research is required to understand how this change affects function, but it is found exclusively in people with Northeast Asian ancestry and is thought to play a role in the exceptional longevity seen in this population[9].
According to Dr. Changhan David Lee, a researcher at the School of Gerontology at USC Leonard Davis, mitochondrial biology holds the keep to extending both lifespan and healthspan in humans. The mitochondria, being the single most important metabolic organelle, is “strongly implicated in aging and age-related diseases.” Until now, dietary restriction offered the only reliable means of affecting mitochondrial function and thus longevity. Peptides like MOTS-c, however, may make it possible to directly impact mitochondrial function in a more profound way.
Heart Health
Research measuring MOTS-c levels in humans undergoing coronary angiography has revealed that patients with lower levels of MOTS-c in the blood have higher levels of endothelial cell dysfunction. Endothelial cells line the inside of blood vessels and are integral to the regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, and plaque formation. Additional research in rats suggests that while MOTS-c does not directly affect blood vessel responsiveness, it does sensitize endothelial cells to the effects of other signaling molecules, like acetylcholine. Supplementing rats with MOTS-c has been shown to improve endothelial function and improve microvascular and epicardial blood vessel function[10].
MOTS-c is not alone among mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) in affecting heart health. Research suggests that at least three MDPs play roles in protecting cardiac cells against stress and inflammation. There is good reason to believe that MDP dysregulation is also an important factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. The peptides may even be important factors in reperfusion injury and, as pointed out above, in endothelial function[11].
MOTS-c exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. MOTS-c for sale at Peptide Gurus is limited to educational and scientific research only, not for human consumption. Only buy MOTS-c if you are a licensed researcher.
Article Author
The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.
Scientific Journal Author
Dr. Changhan David Lee, contributor to “MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism,” and “The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress,” is a researcher at the School of Gerontology at USC Leonard Davis.
Pinchas Cohen, MD, is the dean of the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, executive director of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, and holder of the William and Sylvia Kugel Dean’s Chair in Gerontology. He is an expert in the study of mitochondrial peptides and their possible therapeutic benefits for diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and other diseases related to aging. Cohen’s current research focus is on the emerging science of mitochondria-derived peptides, which he discovered. These peptides include humanin, a 24-amino acid peptide encoded from the mt-16S-rRNA. It is a novel, centrally acting insulin sensitizer and metaboloprotective factor representing a new therapeutic and diagnostic target in diabetes and related disease. Other mitochondrial peptides of interest include MOTS-c, a second peptide encoded from a small ORF in the 12S region of the mitochondrial chromosome that has potent anti-diabetes and anti-obesity effect and acts as an exercise-mimetic, and SHLP2, a peptide encoded from the light strand of the mt-16S-rRNA region whose levels correlate with prostate cancer.
Dr. Changhan David Lee and Dr. Pinchas Cohen are being referenced as leading scientists involved in the research and development of Humanin. In no way are these doctors/scientists endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between
Peptide Gurus and these doctors. The purpose of citing the doctors is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide. Dr. Changhan David Lee is listed in [1] [3] Dr. Pinchas Cohen is listed in [9] under the referenced citations.
Referenced Citations
C. Lee, K. H. Kim, and P. Cohen, “MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism,” Free Radic. Biol. Med., vol. 100, pp. 182–187, Nov. 2016. [PMC]
H. Lu et al., “MOTS-c peptide regulates adipose homeostasis to prevent ovariectomy-induced metabolic dysfunction,” J. Mol. Med. Berl. Ger., vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 473–485, Apr. 2019. [PubMed]
K. H. Kim, J. M. Son, B. A. Benayoun, and C. Lee, “The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress,” Cell Metab., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 516-524.e7, Sep. 2018. [PMC]
S.-J. Kim et al., “The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c is a regulator of plasma metabolites and enhances insulin sensitivity,” Physiol. Rep., vol. 7, no. 13, p. e14171, Jul. 2019. [PubMed]
R. Crescenzo, F. Bianco, A. Mazzoli, A. Giacco, G. Liverini, and S. Iossa, “A possible link between hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and diet-induced insulin resistance,” Eur. J. Nutr., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 1–6, Feb. 2016. [BMJ]
L. R. Cataldo, R. Fernández-Verdejo, J. L. Santos, and J. E. Galgani, “Plasma MOTS-c levels are associated with insulin sensitivity in lean but not in obese individuals,” J. Investig. Med., vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 1019–1022, Aug. 2018. [PubMed]
N. Che et al., “MOTS-c improves osteoporosis by promoting the synthesis of type I collagen in osteoblasts via TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway,” Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 3183–3189, Apr. 2019. [PubMed]
B.-T. Hu and W.-Z. Chen, “MOTS-c improves osteoporosis by promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via TGF-β/Smad pathway,” Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., vol. 22, no. 21, pp. 7156–7163, Nov. 2018. [PubMed]
N. Fuku et al., “The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c: A player in exceptional longevity?,” Aging Cell, vol. 14, Aug. 2015. [Research Gate]
Q. Qin et al., “Downregulation of circulating MOTS-c levels in patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction,” Int. J. Cardiol., vol. 254, pp. 23–27, 01 2018. [PubMed]
Y. Yang et al., “The role of mitochondria-derived peptides in cardiovascular disease: Recent updates,” Biomed. Pharmacother. Biomedecine Pharmacother., vol. 117, p. 109075, Jun. 2019. [PubMed]
ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.
The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.
Free (1) 30 ml Bacteriostatic Water with qualified orders over $500 USD.
(excludes capsule products, cosmetic peptides, promo codes and shipping)
GLOW (BPC-157 + TB500 + GHK-Cu): Premium Triple Peptide Synergy for Advanced Research
GLOW is a high-potency, triple-action regenerative peptide formulation combining three of the most widely researched peptides in tissue repair, inflammation modulation, and cellular rejuvenation:
BPC-157 – 10mg
TB-500 – 10mg
GHK-Cu – 50mg
Designed for researchers, formulation developers, performance clinics, and regenerative medicine distributors, GLOW provides enhanced synergy by integrating angiogenesis activation, collagen synthesis stimulation, and anti-inflammatory response modulation into one unified research compound.
This blend is produced under strict quality systems with HPLC purity verification, mass balance testing, and low-endotoxin manufacturing protocols, making it suitable for organizations seeking high-stability peptides with dependable batch-to-batch consistency.
Triple-Mechanism Regenerative Synergy
GLOW is engineered to deliver maximum regenerative output by combining three complementary peptide pathways:
🔹 BPC-157 (10mg)
Known for its role in tissue repair, angiogenic response, cellular migration, and gastrointestinal protection. Widely investigated for:
Soft tissue recovery
Micro-circulation support
Accelerated fibroblast activity
Anti-inflammatory regulation
🔹 TB-500 (10mg)
A synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4, used in research for:
Actin upregulation
Tissue regeneration
Wound repair models
Cellular mobility enhancement
Its combination with BPC-157 creates a complementary dual-repair pathway favored in advanced regeneration studies.
🔹 GHK-Cu (50mg)
A copper-binding tripeptide known for:
Collagen & ECM synthesis stimulation
Dermal remodeling
Anti-oxidative activity
Hair follicle regeneration models
Skin tightening & rejuvenation research
The higher 50mg concentration in GLOW enhances cosmetic, dermatology, and anti-aging research applications.
Follistatin 315 1mg, provided with Bacteriostatic Water, is available with free shipping on orders over $500 USD, excluding capsule products, cosmetic peptides, promo codes, and shipping. This promotion enhances accessibility to Follistatin-315, a predominant variant of a glycoprotein found in blood plasma, known for its binding properties with activin and myostatin, leading to improved muscle growth (hypertrophy and hyperplasia), reduced inflammatory responses, and enhanced fertility.
Product Usage: Follistatin 315 is strictly sold for research purposes. It is intended for in vitro testing and laboratory experiments only. Information presented is for educational purposes and the introduction of this compound into humans or animals, as well as any misbranding or misuse as a drug, food, or cosmetic, is prohibited by law. Only licensed, qualified professionals should handle this product.
What Is Follistatin 315?
Follistatin 315, an isoform of the follistatin protein family, neutralizes activin’s diverse effects across different tissues, from promoting to inhibiting cell proliferation. Beyond deactivating activin, it also binds myostatin in muscle tissue, significantly enhancing muscle cell growth and proliferation. This protein is also instrumental in developmental processes of embryos and plays a crucial role in regulating fertility.
Follistatin 315 Structure
The structure presented here pertains to the unaltered full-sized follistatin protein, critical for understanding its complex functionality.
Sequence: G NCWLRQAKNG RCQVLYKTEL SKEECCSTGR LSTSWTEEDV NDNTLFKWMI FNGGAPNCIP CKETCENVDC GPGKKCRMNK KNKPRCVCAP DCSNITWKGP VCGLDGKTYR NECALLKARC KEQPELEVQY QGRCKKTCRD VFCPGSSTCV VDQTNNAYCV TCNRICPEPA SSEQYLCGND GVTYSSACHL RKATCLLGRS IGLAYEGKCI KAKSCEDIQC TGGKKCLWDF KVGRGRCSLC DELCPDSKSD EPVCASDNAT YASECAMKEA ACSSGVLLEV KHSGSCNSIS EDTEEEEEDE DQDYSFPISS ILEW
Molecular Weight: 3470 g/mol
PubChem CID: 178101631
Synonyms: Activin-Binding Protein, FSH-Suppressing Protein, FST, FST-315
Follistatin 315 Research
While the entirety of follistatin’s effects remains under investigation, initial research identifies its origin from ovarian follicular fluid, acting primarily as an inhibitor of follicle-stimulating hormone. Various isoforms such as follistatin 315, 300, or 288 arise from a 344-amino-acid precursor, each residing in distinct tissues, revealing the protein’s broad physiological impacts.
The disruption of the follistatin gene in mice is lethal due to crucial roles in lung development and various other physiological and structural functions. Studies utilizing human follistatin 315 indicate its involvement in multiple vital processes, including blood vessel formation, muscle growth, inflammation regulation, and heart function.
Muscle Function and More
Initial studies on follistatin 315 created ‘mighty mice’ with quadruple the muscle mass of typical mice by manipulating myostatin and follistatin levels. This research suggests multiple muscle growth mechanisms, one clearly being myostatin inhibition, with another yet undefined pathway potentially stimulating nerve connections to muscles, enhancing both muscle tone and mass.
Inflammatory Role
Follistatin’s role extends to managing inflammation across various conditions. For instance, in rheumatoid arthritis models, it counteracts worsening conditions by regulating activin A levels. Its potential in treating inflammatory pulmonary diseases and its implications in fibrosis also highlight its therapeutic possibilities.
Vascular and Kidney Functions
Follistatin also aids in vascular health, enhancing endothelial function, particularly post-injury, which could be crucial in stroke and heart attack treatments. Its promising effects in kidney disease models demonstrate potential benefits in managing chronic conditions by mitigating inflammation and promoting healthy blood vessel function.
Disease Marker Potential
Elevated follistatin levels in cardiovascular diseases suggest its utility as an early marker for disease progression, providing a potential tool for early intervention and better management of conditions like heart failure.
Protein Engineering
Advancements in protein engineering, using follistatin as a model, are leading to more effective and predictable modifications to enhance therapeutic efficacy, showcasing the protein’s foundational role in biomedical research.
Follistatin 315, while only for in-vitro research and not for human consumption, presents a fascinating area of study with potential impacts across various fields of medicine and therapy, continually revealing its multifaceted roles in human biology.
BPC-157, a stable gastric pentadecapeptide, has garnered attention in scientific circles for its remarkable healing properties across various tissues, including muscles, tendons, and ligaments, as well as its therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disorders like ulcers and Crohn’s disease.
Product Usage: BPC-157 is designated strictly for research purposes, intended for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. It is not for human or animal use, and handling must be conducted by licensed, qualified professionals. This compound is not to be misclassified as a drug, food, or cosmetic.
Introduction
BPC-157, derived from a protein found in the stomach, is known for its profound body-protective benefits, particularly in accelerating recovery and healing. This peptide has shown efficacy in enhancing the healing of wounds and injuries in muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and it offers promising potential in managing and treating gastrointestinal conditions such as leaky gut and Crohn’s disease.
Comprehensive Overview and Research Applications
Tissue Healing and Regeneration
BPC-157 promotes the healing of wounds by facilitating the rapid spread and proliferation of fibroblasts, which are crucial in developing the extracellular matrix during the repair process. Additionally, its ability to improve blood vessel growth enhances the healing rate of injured tissues by ensuring an adequate blood supply, which is essential for delivering nutrients and removing waste products.
Gastrointestinal Health
In the realm of gastrointestinal health, BPC-157 has proven effective in protecting against and healing gastric ulcers and inflammatory disorders such as leaky gut and Crohn’s disease. It acts systemically in the digestive tract to enhance mucosal defense mechanisms and repair damaged tissues.
Anti-inflammatory and Cytoprotective Properties
BPC-157 exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties, making it an excellent candidate for treating conditions characterized by chronic inflammation. Its cytoprotective properties are particularly notable in the GI tract, where it helps maintain the integrity of mucosal barriers and prevents the harmful actions of pepsin and other digestive acids.
ARA-290 10MG – Research Grade Peptide
ARA-290 is a synthetic peptide studied for its role in inflammation modulation, tissue protection, and cellular stress response research. It has gained attention in neurological, metabolic, and regenerative research programs due to its targeted peptide structure.
Our ARA-290 10mg is supplied with high purity and precise peptide composition, ensuring stable and repeatable research outcomes. Each vial is carefully packaged to protect against moisture, light, and temperature fluctuations during transportation and storage.
ARA-290 is suitable for advanced research institutions and distributors involved in inflammation, neurobiology, and tissue-protection studies.
ARA-290 is a peptide derivative of erythropoietin (EPO) that has shown significant promise in decreasing inflammatory pathways and enhancing repair mechanisms through its action on the innate repair receptors. This peptide, also known as cibinetide, has demonstrated various beneficial effects in clinical research, including reducing HbA1c levels, improving cholesterol profiles, modulating neuropathic pain, and accelerating wound healing.
Product Usage: ARA-290 is strictly intended for use as a research chemical. It is designated for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. Introduction into humans or animals is prohibited by law, and it should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not approved as a drug, food, or cosmetic.
Introduction
ARA-290 is a synthetic variant of the helix beta domain of erythropoietin, designed to harness the neuroprotective and analgesic effects of EPO without promoting red blood cell production. This peptide has progressed through phase II clinical trials and is preparing for phase III trials targeting several applications, including diabetes management and autoimmune sarcoidosis.
Comprehensive Overview and Research Applications
Neuroprotection and Neuropathic Pain
ARA-290 has emerged as a potent neuroprotective agent, offering significant benefits in diabetic neuropathy and potentially other neurodegenerative conditions. Unlike traditional erythropoietin, which can lead to excessive red blood cell production, ARA-290 targets only the protective pathways, alleviating pain without the associated hematologic risks.
Cardiovascular and Vascular Health
ARA-290’s effects extend to cardiovascular health, particularly in protecting against retinal ischemia—a common cause of blindness. By safeguarding endothelial cells and promoting their regeneration, ARA-290 could significantly reduce the burden of vascular diseases. Additionally, its ability to enhance the survival and function of endothelial colony-forming cells could revolutionize treatments for vascular injuries and ischemic conditions.
Inflammation and Immune Modulation
The peptide’s role in reducing inflammatory cytokines and modulating the immune response has implications for transplant medicine, particularly in the survival of transplanted islet cells for diabetes treatment. By inhibiting macrophage activation and cytokine production, ARA-290 could improve the outcomes of cellular transplants and reduce the incidence of rejection.
Tissue Protection and Wound Healing
ARA-290 has shown potential in speeding up the wound healing process, particularly in chronic conditions like diabetes, where slow healing leads to complications. Its ability to stimulate tissue repair and reduce scarring could make it a valuable asset in managing and treating skin injuries and surgical wounds.
ABOUT US
PeptideGurus is a leading supplier of American-made research peptides, offering top-quality products at competitive prices. With a focus on excellence and customer service, they ensure a secure and convenient ordering process with global shipping.
