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Grátis (1) 30 ml de água bacteriostática com ordens qualificadas sobreUS $ 500 USD.
(Exclui produtos de cápsula, peptídeos cosméticos, códigos promocionais e remessa)
O KPV é um potente peptídeo anti-inflamatório que demonstrou promessa em várias condições da doença. A pesquisa mais ativa está no tratamento da doença inflamatória intestinal, onde o peptídeo mostrou promessa substancial. O KPV demonstrou em estudos em animais seguros e eficazes quando administrados por via oral, intravenosa, subcutânea e transdérmica. Pesquisas em cicatrização de feridas também revelam que o KPV e outros derivados alfa-MSH podem oferecer uma série de benefícios que a cicatrização de feridas na velocidade, reduzir a infecção, combater a inflamação e levar a melhores resultados cosméticos. O KPV e peptídeos semelhantes podem se tornar pilares não apenas na cicatrização de feridas, mas na redução de cicatrizes após a cirurgia.
Uso do produto:Este produto é destinado apenas a um produto químico de pesquisa.Essa designação permite o uso de produtos químicos de pesquisa estritamente para testes in vitro e apenas experimentação laboratorial. Todas as informações do produto disponíveis neste site são apenas para fins educacionais. A introdução corporal de qualquer tipo em seres humanos ou animais é estritamente proibida por lei. Este produto deve ser tratado apenas por profissionais qualificados e licenciados. Este produto não é um medicamento, alimento ou cosmético e pode não ser de marca mal, mal utilizada ou incorreta como droga, comida ou cosmético.
KPV (ACTH (11-13), Alpha-MSH)
O KPV é o fragmento de peptídeo C-terminal do hormônio estimulante dos alfa-melanócitos (alfa-MSH). É um dos muitos derivados de peptídeos curtos do Alpha-MSH que foi testado para determinar se mantêm propriedades fotoprotetivas semelhantes, atividade contra isquemia, efeitos sexuais ou benefícios no comportamento de alimentação e homeostase da energia. O KPV, que é composto de lisina-prolina-valina, acaba tendo efeitos anti-inflamatórios significativos [1]. O peptídeo está sob pesquisa ativa como uma terapêutica potencial no tratamento da doença inflamatória intestinal. Ele mostrou evidências de potente atividade anti-inflamatória no sistema nervoso central, trato GI, pulmões, sistema vascular e articulações. Como o KPV é um peptídeo pequeno, ele pode ser administrado de várias maneiras, incluindo rotas orais, intravenosas e transdérmicas.
Inflamação intestinal
Perhaps the most important discovery to arise from KPV research is the finding that the peptide reduces intestinal inflammation. In mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), KPV shows robust results, reducing inflammatory infiltrates, MPO activity, and overall histological evidence of inflammation. Mice treated with KPV in the study recovered faster and had more pronounced weight gain than mice treated with placebo[2].
Further research on delivery mechanisms for KPV has revealed that loading KPV onto nanoparticles functionalized with hyaluronic acid helps to direct the inflammatory effects of the peptide to proper locations within the intestine. This leads to accelerated mucosal healing and alleviation of inflammation via a strong down regulation of TNF-alpha in mouse models[3]. In many ways, KPV is a more effective and more targeted means of reducing inflammation in IBD without affecting TNF-alpha in other locations in the body. The benefit of modifying KPV is in improving the peptide’s oralbioavailability. This does not increase the efficacy of the peptide, but does have an impact on potency and thus total dose require to achieve an effect.Fonte:PubChPesquisas sugerem que o TNF-alfa não é o único mediador inflamatório no qual o KPV tem um impacto. O peptídeo também reduz a atividade da proteína quinase ativada por NF-kappab e ativada por mitogênio. Esses efeitos funcionam em conjunto com a inibição do TNF-alfa para reduzir as alterações inflamatórias no intestino. Os ratos tratados com KPV apresentam substancialmente menos infiltração de cólon e comprimentos normais do cólon em comparação aos controles [4].Fonte:PubChO interesse no gráfico acima é que o KPV parece ter apenas um efeito no cenário de inflamação exagerada. Quase não tem efeito no tecido normal. Pelo menos parte do motivo disso é que o KPV entra nas células colônicas por meio de um transportador que não é regulamentado no cenário de inflamação. Isso sugere que o KPV pode ser um medicamento preventivo ou de manutenção eficaz na configuração da DII. Pode ser tomado com segurança, mesmo durante períodos inativos, porque não tem efeito. Tomado regularmente, o peptide estará disponível quando necessário e simplesmente excretado de outra forma. O professor Didier Merlin, que liderou uma grande quantidade de pesquisas sobre os potenciais benefícios por KPV, descobriu recentemente que o peptídeo entra nas células colônicas via PEPT1, um canal de proteína que é expresso apenas em qualquer quantidade real no intestino intestino durante os estados inflamatórios. Isso ajuda a explicar por que o KPV é mais eficaz em configurações já inflamadas. Também sugere um novo modo de administração de medicamentos que pode ser aplicável a várias condições. Ao direcionar proteínas que são alteradas em condições de doença, mesmo que não sejam diretamente patogênicas, pode ser possível concentrar a atividade dos medicamentos em certas áreas. Isso pode permitir a diminuição da dose de drogas com efeitos colaterais graves e o desenvolvimento de medicamentos que, embora não sejam potentes por conta própria, são terapêuticas formidáveis no cenário do estado certo da doença.
KPV como um anti-inflamatório geral
As far back as 1984, research in rabbits revealed that KPV is a powerful anti-inflammatory and fever reducer (anti-pyretic). In this setting, however, KPV had lower potency than the full alpha-MSH molecule. This suggested to scientists at the time that KPV was lacking some portion of the alpha-MSH molecule necessary for full anti-pyretic activity[5]. What ensued was decades of research investigating various modified forms of alpha-MSH.
Perhaps the biggest lesson learned from these tests is that alpha-MSH and several of its analogues all reduce inflammation in a wide variety of disease. So far, the molecules have been tested in fever, irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, vasculitis, fibrosis, arthritis and inflammation of the eyes, brain, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. In all cases, alpha-MSH is the most effective anti-inflammatory. Unfortunately, it suffers from one major side effect – it causes skin pigmentation. KPV, on the other hand, does not have this side effect. And even though KPV is not as potent as the intact alpha-MSH, its lack of side effects means that boosting levels to achieve desired target effects is theoretically possible in most cases[6].
The difference in potency has been found to be minimal, at best, as the majority of anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-MSH are, in fact, due to the KPV section. What is interesting, however, is that the parent molecule appears to be better at suppressing late-stage inflammatory reaction. In the case of contact dermatitis, for instance, alpha-MSH does a better job of preventing an allergic inflammatory response at 2 weeks post initial exposure. This suggests that alpha-MSH may be affecting some aspect of immune modulation that is separate from the immediate inflammatory response[7]. Work is still being done to determine what this process is.
Graph shows ear swelling due to contact dermatitis at 24 hours (left) and 2 weeks (right). Note that co-administration of KPV with the irritant is nearly as effective as co-administration of alpha-MSH with the irritant at 24 hours. At 2 weeks, however, exposure to the stimulus without co-administration of the peptides shows much less swelling with alpha-MSH compared to KPV.Fonte:PubCh
Cicatrização de feridas
Wound healing is a complex physiological process. Scientists have identified three general phases in the wound healing process: inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. Each phase is characterized by differences in cell populations and cytokine concentrations and represents a unique chemical/physiological milieu for potential intervention. Research shows that even though each stage of the wound healing process is characterized by different skin cell subtypes, the majority of these cells express a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) that binds alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Of course, this also means that these cells types bind alpha-MSH analogues like KPV and KdPT as well[6].
Because these alpha-MSH derivatives retain some of the properties of alpha-MSH, but lack others, they offer potential benefits in wound healing. For instance, KPV offers the inflammatory properties of alpha-MSH, but lacks the pigment-inducing activity of its parent peptide. This makes KPV a good candidate for improving wound healing while avoiding the skin-changing characteristics often associated with natural scar formation (a phenomenon disproportionately affecting darker-skinned individuals).
One of the reasons that KPV is anti-inflammatory is that it participates in the innate immune response against two common skin pathogens. Research shows that KPV inhibits the growth of both Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. These benefits occur at physiological concentrations, meaning that KPV could provide an effective means of preventing infection in the setting of serious wounds like burns. This benefit of KPV is in contrast to other anti-inflammatory medications that actually inhibit the ability of the body to fight off infection. Thus, KPV combines anti-inflammatory activity with antimicrobial activity[8].
KPV actually serves as a structural model in recent research looking to replicate the anti-fungal effects of the peptide in novel therapeutics. The idea is that the 3D structure of KPV is what makes it an effective anti-fungal and that replicating this structure could allow researchers to develop compounds that have the same anti-fungal activity but different effects on other biological processes[9].
Formação da cicatriz
In accordance with the known benefits of KPV in first stage (inflammation) of wound healing, research has also investigated its role in the other two stages of wound healing. It appears that KPV is able to reduce the kind of chronic inflammation that leads to hypertrophic scar (e.g., keloid) formation. This type of scarring is characterized by widespread macrophage infiltration, TNF immunoreactivity, and neutrophil abundance. Administration of alpha-MSH in this setting leads to smaller scars and a less drastic inflammatory response[10]. Similar effects have been noted in other tissues such as lung and heart. These findings raise the hope that KPV could be useful in preventing the kind of scarring seen with certain chemotherapy agents[11]–[13]. This would not only reduce the side effects of cancer treatment, but could allow for the use of increased concentrations of these medications and thus better outcomes in cancer treatment.
According to Dr. Didier Merlin, at least part of the benefit of KPV in reducing scar prominence appears to arise from its ability to modulate collagen metabolism. Alpha-MSH and its analogues suppress IL-8 secretion, which inhibits collagen type 1 production. This is important during the last phase of wound healing, remodeling, as it has been shown that people prone to keloid formation and hypertrophic scarring have less MC1R mRNA expression on dermal fibroblasts[14].Fonte:Biblioteca Online Wiley
KPV versus Alpha-MSH
While alpha-MSH is the more potent molecule of the two, it has one serious disadvantage when compared to KPV – it causes skin pigmentation. This side effect alone has been enough to discourage further research into intact alpha-MSH as a potential anti-inflammatory. KPV is favored because it retains most of the anti-inflammatory properties of alpha-MSH yet has none of the side effects. KPV is also exceptionally easy to manufacture and thus has benefit from a cost and logistics standpoint as well[15]. Dr. Thomas Luger, a renowned dermatologist and expert in inflammatory diseases of the skin, has published on KPV extensively. His work demonstrates that the peptide has potent anti-inflammatory properties with few adverse effects.
It is also important to note that the anti-inflammatory effects of KPV appear to be mediated through a different mechanism than those of alpha-MSH. Whereas alpha-MSH binds to specific melanocortin receptors, KPV does not. Evidence of this comes from mouse studies in which blocking MC3/4 receptors, which mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-MSH, has no impact on the anti-inflammatory effects of KPV. Specifically, blocking these receptors does not block the leukocyte migration effects induced by KPV[16].
Another appealing aspect of KPV is the ease with which the peptide can be administered. Research in animal models has shown that KPV can be administered both orally, subcutaneously and via injection (peripherally or centrally) without serious side effects. Recently, similar research showed that KPV could be administered trans-dermally with success[17]. The ability to administer the drug via multiple routes is not just a matter of convenience either. Different routes of administration affect the way the peptide works and where its anti-inflammatory effects are targeted. The ability to alter the method of delivery makes it possible for scientists to target different areas within the body for treatment.
Resumo do KPV
KPV is a potent anti-inflammatory peptide that has shown promise in a number of disease conditions. The most active research is in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease where the peptide has showed substantial promise. KPV has been shown in animal studies to be safe and effective when administered orally, intravenously, subcutaneouslyand through the skin. Research in wound healing also reveals that KPV and other alpha-MSH derivatives may offer a host of benefits that speed wound healing, reduce infection, fight inflammation, and lead to better cosmetic results. KPV and similar peptides could become mainstays not just in wound healing, but in scar reduction following surgery.
KPV exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. KPV for sale at
Gurus peptídicoé limitado apenas a pesquisas educacionais e científicas, não para consumo humano. Compre apenas o KPV se você é um pesquisador licenciado.
A Peptidegurus é um fornecedor líder de peptídeos de pesquisa fabricados americanos, oferecendo produtos de alta qualidade a preços competitivos. Com foco na excelência e no atendimento ao cliente, eles garantem um processo de pedido seguro e conveniente com o envio global.
