GHK with and without copper affects a large number of genes related to an organism’s response to stress and injury (tissue remodeling, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-pain, anti-anxiety, blood vessel growth, nerve outgrowth, anti-cancer action). GHK sequence is included in the collagen molecule, and SPARC protein and GHK is naturally released after an injury due to protein breakdown.
Copper is a transitional metal that is vital for all eukaryotic organisms from microbes to humans. Since it can be converted from oxidized Cu(II) to reduced Cu(I) form, it functions as an essential cofactor in a multitude of biochemical reactions involving electron transfer.A dozen enzymes use changes in copper oxidation states to catalyze important biochemical reactions, including cellular respiration, antioxidant defense, detoxification, blood clotting, and the connective tissue formation. Copper is required for iron metabolism, oxygenation, neurotransmission, embryonic development and many other essential biological processes.
Penelitian GHK
1. GHK menekan sintesis fibrinogen
Fibrinogen consists of three polypeptide chains; alpha, beta, and gamma. GHK strongly suppresses the gene for the beta chain of fibrinogen. A lack of adequate FGB will effectively stop fibrinogen synthesis since equal amounts of all three polypeptide chains are needed to produce fibrinogen. GHK also suppresses the production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) which is a main positive regulator of fibrinogen synthesis, through its interaction with fibrinogen genes. In cell culture systems, GHK suppresses IL-6 secretion in skin fibroblasts and IL-6 gene expression in SZ95 sebocytes. In summary, the effects of GHK on the FGB gene plus its effects on IL-6 production imply a suppression of overall fibrinogen production.2. GHK mengaktifkan sistem ubiquitin/proteasome (UPS)
UPS menghilangkan protein yang rusak. Aktivitas UPS yang lebih tinggi tampaknya menunda efek penuaan. GHK merangsang ekspresi gen dalam 41 gen UPS sambil hanya menekan 1 gen UPS.3. GHK mengaktifkan gen perbaikan DNA
Kerusakan DNA segera diperbaiki pada sel -sel muda dan sehat, karena kami menua, kerusakan DNA mulai terakumulasi. Mengatur ulang aktivitas gen perbaikan DNA dapat mengurangi efek penuaan yang buruk. GHK terutama stimulasi untuk gen perbaikan DNA (47 naik, 5 turun).4. GHK bertindak sebagai antioksidan
Radikal bebas dan produk akhir beracun peroksidasi lipid terkait dengan aterosklerosis, kanker, katarak, diabetes, nefropati, penyakit Alzheimer dan kondisi patologis penuaan yang parah lainnya. GHK merangsang 14 gen antioksidan dan menekan dua gen pro-oksidan.5. GHK menekan insulin dan gen seperti insulin
The insulin family has been proposed as a negative controller of longevity; higher levels of insulin and insulin-like proteins reduce lifespan. GHK stimulates 3 genes in this system and suppresses 6 genes. The insulin/IGF-1- like receptor pathway is a contributor to the biological aging process in many organisms. The gene expression data suggests that GHK suppresses this system as 6 of 9 of the affected insulin/IGF-1 genes are suppressed. Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling is conserved from worms to humans. In vitro experiments show that mutations that reduce insulin/IGF-1 signaling have been shown to decelerate the degenerative aging process and extend lifespan in many organisms, including mice and possibly humans. Reduced IGF-1 signaling is also thought to contribute to the “antiaging” effects of calorie restriction.6. GHK memperbaiki jaringan oleh TGF Superfamily
The most explored of GHK’s actions is the repair of damaged tissues (skin, hair follicles, stomach and intestinal linings, and boney tissue) either by the use of copper-peptide-containing creams or by induction of systemic healing. Campbell et al. found that GHK’s resetting of gene expression of fibroblasts from COPD patients fits into this category of tissue repair via the TGF beta superfamily. Campbell et al. also found that GHK directly increases TGF beta and other family members which activate the repair process.7. Gen Pengendali Kanker
Caspase, peraturan pertumbuhan, dan gen perbaikan DNA penting dalam penekanan kanker. Pada tahun 2010, Hong et al. mengidentifikasi 54 gen yang terkait dengan kanker usus besar manusia yang agresif, metastasis. Peta konektivitas Institut Broad digunakan untuk menemukan senyawa yang membalikkan ekspresi diferensial gen -gen ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua molekul penyembuhan luka dan remodeling kulit, GHK pada 1 mikromolar dan sekurinin pada 18 mikromolar, dapat secara signifikan membalikkan ekspresi diferensial gen-gen ini dan menyarankan bahwa mereka mungkin memiliki efek terapeutik pada pasien yang rawan metastasis.Kesimpulan
The tripeptide GHK possesses many positive effects but declines with age. It improves wound healing and tissue regeneration (skin, hair follicles, stomach and intestinal linings, and boney tissue), increases collagen and glycosaminoglycans, stimulates synthesis of decorin, increases angiogenesis, and nerve outgrowth, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and increases cellular stemness and the secretion of trophic factors by mesenchymal stem cells. Recently, GHK has even been found to reset genes of diseased cells from patients with cancer or COPD to a healthier state. GHK exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. GHK for sale at
Guru peptidaterbatas hanya pada penelitian pendidikan dan ilmiah, bukan untuk konsumsi manusia. Hanya membeli GHK jika Anda seorang peneliti berlisensi.
Penulis artikel
Literatur di atas diteliti, diedit dan diselenggarakan oleh Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan memegang gelar doktorCase Western Reserve University School of Medicinedan seorang B.S. dalam biologi molekuler.
Penulis Jurnal Ilmiah
Loren Pickart, Ph.D.telah merilis 109 publikasi dan sedang mengembangkan paten dan menganalisis efek GHK pada ekspresi gen manusia dari 4.192 gen. Selain potensi penggunaan GHK yang diterbitkankulitPeradangan, kanker metastasis dan COPD, tampaknya memiliki efek menguntungkan pada sistem jaringan lain seperti sistem saraf, sistem pencernaan, dan sistem mitokondria. Otobiografinya yang singkat namun terperinci menyelam ke dalam motivasi dan latar belakang di balik pengabdiannya pada pelatihan kulit, anti-penuaan, dan seumur hidup.Loren Pickart, Ph.D.dirujuk sebagai salah satu ilmuwan terkemuka yang terlibat dalam penelitian dan pengembangan GHK-CU. Ini sama sekali tidak ada dokter/ilmuwan ini mendukung atau mengadvokasi pembelian, penjualan, atau penggunaan produk ini dengan alasan apa pun. Tidak ada afiliasi atau hubungan, tersirat atau sebaliknya, antara
Guru peptidadan dokter ini. Tujuan dari mengutip dokter adalah untuk mengakui, mengenali, dan menghargai penelitian lengkap dan upaya pengembangan yang dilakukan oleh para ilmuwan yang mempelajari peptida ini. Pickart, Ph.D terdaftar dalam semua kutipan yang dirujuk di bawah ini.
Kutipan yang direferensikan
- Pickart, Loren & Vasquez-Soltero, Jessica & Margolina, Anna. (2015). GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International. Article ID 648108. 10.1155/2015/648108.
Pickart, L., & Margolina, A. (2018). Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data.International journal of molecular sciences,19(7), 1987. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19071987
Pickart L. The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2008;19(8):969-88. doi: 10.1163/156856208784909435. PMID: 18644225.
Loren Pickart, Jessica Michelle Vasquez-Soltero, Anna Margolina, “GHK and DNA: Resetting the Human Genome to Health”,BioMed Research International, vol. 2014, Article ID 151479, 10 pages, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/151479
